A Comparison of the Character of Brutus in Julius Caesar and Hamlet in

The Characters of Brutus and Hamlet in Hamlet and Julius Caesar Written one year apart from the other, one can non bolt to recognize the parallels between William Shakespeares tragedies Julius Caesar and Hamlet. To begin, they are both stories of assassinations gone horribly wrong. Although the details of the plays are different, the two assassins (Brutus and Hamlet) provide interesting comparison. Through these two killers, Shakespeare reveals the different levels of justice ones personal sense of justice others perception of justice the justice of the monarchy that supports Shakespeares craft. Through this, the audience realizes that a just person is not always a humble one, a condition that may turn out to be a fatal flaw in the end. When a piece decides to play God by taking justice into his own hands, the world can unravel much more quickly than he had ever imagined. referee in Hamletis a conflict between two Bible teachings The Old Testament says, An eye for an eye, b ut the New Testament preaches, Turn the other cheek. Hamlets peers beg him to let his father rest in peace and accept his mothers remarriage, an act that would be in pact with the New Testament. Claudius, Hamlets mothers new husband, himself p... ... 36 Bradley., A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. New York Penguin Books, 1991. Durband, Alan. Shakespeare Made Easy Julius Caesar. Barrons educational Series, Inc. New York. 1985. Mack, Maynard. The World of Hamlet. Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York Oxford University P., 1967. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Suzanne L. Wofford. Boston St. Martins Press, 1994. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Alan Durband. London Hutchinson & Co. Publishers Ltd., 1984.

Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista University :: Journalism Alcohol Drinking College Essays

Behind the distasteful The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista UniversityBehind the Arch The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista University, is book with written stories and events relating to beverage on the campus of Buena Vista University (BVU). Behind the Arch is published by the slope 300 class of 2001, including students Chris Allen, Alisa Dixson, Jennifer Durham, Shelley Katzer, Max Kenkel, Teri Kramer, Toby Malavong, and Courtney Weller. Many questions came up about the alcohol use among the BVU students and community. This book is a great source for BVU because it shows causes relating to its effects of drinking on and off campus. These students reflect on their past experiences and explain what incoming freshmen students may post in a college setting. Also, upperclassmen shargon their experiences in this book explaining what to expect as the years pass.High school students always look forward to the college life and surroundings. Most cannot wait until they are fr ee from their parents and free to do whatever they want. As incoming freshmen attend Buena Vista University, many are afraid of what to expect. Talking from my own personal experiences, college is coming easy to me so far. From chattering with former(a) students, life is tough for them. As I have talked to other students, the problem is not so much the school work, but it is the social life. Many are afraid of what to expect. Many feel drinking may solve their problems because it may help them associate with others easier. This is where the drinking problem on the BVU campus begins. Here at BVU, companionship nights usually fall on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday nights. This is because the local bars such as Puffs and Malarkys have specials on drinking. The biggest night most students talk about is nickel pitchers, which falls on Wednesday nights. If a student is of legal age of 21, they are able to purchase as many pitchers of beer for only cinque cents apiece. I t hink this is where most of the problems start. Many students drink even before they go to the bar, then when they convey to the bar, they consume so much alcohol to get drunk. Most people know a nickel pitcher is a great deal, which is why a huge percent of students go party on Wednesday nights.

Historians Perspectives :: History Historical Essays

Historians PerspectivesEvery situation can be looked at from so many divergent angles that it is very delicate for any two peck to agree on what is going on. Ten people could look at the same situation and create ten different theories or assumptions as to what is occurring. This is because no two people have the same backgrounds, no two people have the same experiences, and no two people think exactly the same. These factors come together to distinguish each person as an individual. Every person has the ability to interpret the same situation in a different way. This occurs more often then not, when one historian has a theory about a time period or a historical event. One historian could look at the assassination of John F. Kennedy and think that it was a governmental conspiracy, while another may look at it merely as an ex-marine that went mad and killed the President. Still on the same subject a third historian may combine facts from both arguments to create a whole new view of his own.This is exactly what occurred after Richard Hofstadter wrote his book The Age of Reform. He do an argument on progressivism in his book in 1955, which was not written as fact but more as opinion. After that three different articles were written on the same topic from different angles. Richard L. McCormick, Paula Baker, and dent G. Filene, all wrote articles which either agreed or disagreed with Hofstadter. At calculates they completely disagreed with points that Hofstadter made, but then in the same article they agreed and support a point Hofstadter made. All four people wrote on the same topic but all four took different views. This was their right as individuals to do and at around points they had similarities but then at others they went to other sides of the spectrum.Hofstadter in his book, The Age of Reform, broke down the age of reform as a time period from 1896 to the 1930s. at bottom this time period, he then divided it into three separate sections or movements . The first section being that of the populist movement, the second was the progressive movement, and third was the reforms made during the New Deal. He begins with the populist movement and how it started based on the agrarian myth in rural and southern areas. This myth had the farmers thinking that they held an important split up in society and that their job has a special value.

My Media Life :: Essays Papers

My Media Life When I was growing up I was always taught that television was a privilege one that could be taken forward if I neglected other important things in my life. Some of my earliest memories of my mothers control on my television watching consist of a small basket in which we would deposit our TV slips each condemnation we watched a program or a movie. Each week she would give my brother, my sister, and I slips of paper with a certain amount of time available for us to watch TV written on them. We had to be careful not to riding habit them all up in the first couple days of the week or else we wouldnt be able to watch anything else all week. I apprizet remember exactly how much time she would give us, but I remember it varying depending on the season (she gave us more time in the summer) and our age (as we got older, the more time we were allowed). My mothers ingenious idea to establish this system upon us not only controlled how much TV we watched, but also tau ght us some very early lessons on time management. My mother wasnt all that strict though with this system. For example, if we were watching a program with the whole family, such as the newest episode of Home Improvement, Full House, or Rescue 911, she would let us watch for free. If we were watching educational programs and so she would let us watch for free. If we were watching a family video on a Friday night, she let us watch for free. And of course, Saturday-morning cartoons were obviously free. As we got older, my mom sweet of just let this system fall out of practice. We were outside enough, climbing in the pine trees in our backyard, riding bikes all over the neighborhood, or limpid in our 4.5-foot above-ground pool. She wasnt worried about us not getting proper exercise outdoors. Television was simply a way to pass the showery days and afternoons when it was too hot to be outside. When trying to recall some of the television programs that were a part of my childhood, I can think of many.

Cultural Images and Adolescent Behavior Essay -- Essays Papers

Cultural Images and Adolescent BehaviorTeenagers seek to define themselves through their clothing, jargon, experiences, hairstyles, and, most of all, group associations. In all, this experimentation suggests that the adolescent attempts to discover himself/herself through orthogonalrather than intrinsicstimuli. Accordingly, images from popular culture often provide the external basis from which teenagers will benchmark their thoughts, opinions and associations. Indeed, adolescents will forge their identities largely in conformance with these pop culture images. They perceive such images as the social norm and, thus, as a means to attain the social acceptance that is so rattling to their personal maturation.Furthermore, such pop cultural figures as P. Diddy, Britney Spears and Jennifer Lopez create in manifest brands that help establish these norms. Not only does each celebrity market tangible brands through their various products and clothing lines, but each also enjoys a soc ial acceptance that extends well beyond the sales revenue of their name-emblazoned products. The celebrities themselves constitute, in fact, their avow name brands. Indeed, they can sell magazines, capture massive audiences and have a strong fan following based solely upon their individual popularity.When people coadjutor themselves with a particular brand or branded image, they immediately assume a new identity that is in some senses, confined to the societal viewpoints of that brand. Teenagers represent this phenomenon. When they wear an article of clothing that says GAP or listen to music by Eminem, they are creating a brand of themselves. But do brand images presented in popular culture really create social norms that affect how teenager... ... & Saltzman, J. & Leary, M. (2003, April). Social approval and trait self-esteem, 23-40. The Journal f Research in Psychology, 37, 2.Miller, L. (2003, August). The little restrain of social theories, 49 -50. Rushkoff, D. (199 9). Coercion why we listen to what they say. New York Riverhead Books.Sewell, R. (2003, August). The pressure to be perfect. Scripps Howard News Service. Retrieved October 1, 2003 from Lexis-Nexis database.Zgourides, G. & Zgourides, C (2000). Cliffsquickreview sociology. Foster City IDG Books Worldwide. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Members of a group where the attractor personifies the ultimate goal and the members task is to journey up the pyramid of commitment and devotion in order to move closer to the idealized but unachievable goal (Rushkoff, D., 2000).

Cultural Images and Adolescent Behavior Essay -- Essays Papers

Cultural Images and Adolescent BehaviorTeenagers seek to define themselves through their clothing, jargon, experiences, hairstyles, and, most of all, base associations. In all, this experimentation suggests that the adolescent attempts to discover himself/herself through externalrather than intrinsicstimuli. Accordingly, images from popular culture often provide the external basis from which teenagers volition benchmark their thoughts, opinions and associations. Indeed, adolescents will forge their identities largely in conformance with these pop culture images. They perceive such images as the social norm and, thus, as a means to attain the social credenza that is so vital to their personal maturation.Furthermore, such pop cultural figures as P. Diddy, Britney Spears and Jennifer Lopez create intangible brands that help substantiate these norms. Not only does each celebrity market tangible brands through their various products and clothing lines, but each also enjoys a soci al acceptance that extends well beyond the sales revenue of their name-emblazoned products. The celebrities themselves constitute, in fact, their own name brands. Indeed, they can sell magazines, capture massive audiences and have a strong fan following based solely upon their individual popularity.When people associate themselves with a particular brand or branded image, they immediately assume a vernal identity that is in some senses, confined to the societal viewpoints of that brand. Teenagers exemplify this phenomenon. When they wear an article of clothing that says GAP or listen to music by Eminem, they are creating a brand of themselves. But do brand images presented in popular culture really create social norms that affect how teenager... ... & Saltzman, J. & Leary, M. (2003, April). Social approval and singularity self-esteem, 23-40. The Journal f Research in Psychology, 37, 2.Miller, L. (2003, August). The little book of social theories, 49 -50. Rushkoff, D. ( 1999). Coercion why we listen to what they say. New York Riverhead Books.Sewell, R. (2003, August). The pressure to be perfect. Scripps Howard intelligence information Service. Retrieved October 1, 2003 from Lexis-Nexis database.Zgourides, G. & Zgourides, C (2000). Cliffsquickreview sociology. Foster City IDG Books Worldwide. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Members of a group where the leader personifies the ultimate goal and the members task is to journey up the pyramid of commitment and devotion in order to move closer to the idealized but unattainable goal (Rushkoff, D., 2000).

Example Self Introduction

Chris Hoskins English Communication I Personal Introduction 16 April 2012 Please Allow Me to Introduce Myself As I say in the title, please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Chris Hoskins. In fact, my full name is much longer, Christopher Alan Hoskins, but I commonly use only Chris Hoskins. Most populate I dally with, including students, simply call me Chris. I was born in in the state of California in the USA, but I grew up set about Chicago in the state of Illinois. I moved to Illinois because of my fathers job.My father was an airline pilot for get together Airlines, and when he first started working for United Airlines that company sent him to Ohare Airport, near Chicago to work out of their main place of operations. When my father moved to Illinois he took me and the rest of our family to live with him there. As I grew up I lived together with my mother, father and two older brothers in a small town outside of Chicago called McHenry. Our house was located succeeding( a) to the Fox River, and my family often enjoyed recreation on the river, including water skiing and ice skating.As I grew up I developed a strong interest in reading and music. My interest in music led me to choose to play the violin as a hobby, and my interest in reading led me to relish studying English, which in turn led me to choose teaching English as a go. I am continuing the both my hobby and career today. It is my career that led me to work at Kyoritsu Womens University, where I now teach classes in English and academic skills. As I continue to work at Kyoritsu, I hope to be successful in helping students develop skills that allow them to achieve their future dreams.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Essay

Health promotion and disease prevention has always been in the forefront in the health c atomic number 18 system. Focus has been always on the physical factors that contribute to the birth and progress of a disease. Very few researches and studies are carried out on the psychological factors that influence the assumeion of health improving behaviors. Many psychological theories and models have been proposed to explain patients health behavior.The two studies that I have rede and I use in my daily clinical practice are the health locus lead (HLC) theory and health belief model (HBM). The force field which uses HLC is on managing diabetic can ulcers and the second study is about using HBM for weight management. Both the studies focus on factors that would lead a patient to adopt changes in his behavior to promote health.I usually come across male patients in my unit within the age group of 45 65years admitted with intense coronary syndrome. Their health assessment mostly reve al unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, high cholesterol, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and sedentary life which are all modifiable factors along with non-modifiable factors such as age, family history and gender.Rotter in 1966 proposed the HLC and the internal external locus scale. According to Rotter internal locus of control is the belief that positive/ negative life changes are a consequence of ones own action whereas external locus of the control is the belief that positive/ negative life events are unrelated to ones own behavior and so are beyond ones own control. In my daily clinical practice I use HLC to give insight to patients that unhealthy life styles are creating the negative trend in their health. Patients with high health values and high internal HLCs request more information about the disease and are more receptive towards health education, they are more compliant with treatments and they refer use of the support system. Health belief model (HBM) was propounded by Baranowski, Cullen, Nicklas, Thomas and Baranowski (2003). Table 1.Health Belief Model utilise to above mentioned scenario.Perceived susceptibility A someones perceived risk for contracting an illness or health condition of concern to the researches. swear patients that poor life styles make them prone to acquire diseases such as heart attacks, strokes , atherosclerotic conditions, peripheral vascular diseases etc. Perceived severity A persons perception of the personal impact (clinical or social) of contracting the illness.Informing patients the seriousness and co morbidities associated with the conditions like heart attack, strokes, PVDs etc. Perceived benefits A persons perception of good things that could happen from undertaking specific behaviors, especially in regards to reducing the threat of the disease.Benefit in this case would be leading a long disease free life unless family history, gender and age take controls which are non-modifiable factors. Perceived barriers A motivated person would number at the perceived benefits and thereby outweigh the perceived barriers that he/she may come across when adopting healthy life style choices Self- efficacy A persons belief or confidence that he or she gouge perform a specific behavior. Self-determination and confidence inside the person helps him to make the changes in life to follow a healthy life style.Health education ( audio + video demonstration), educative materials in regards to the condition such as pamphlets, internet downloaded printed material, booklets all can guide patients to commit themselves to adopt life style changing behaviors. Family education, information about support systems and group activity can also contribute to the increased awareness towards ones health and the behavioral changes that one should adopt to achieve a disease free life.ReferencesBaranowski, T., Cullen, K., Nicklas, T., Thompson, D., & Baranowski, J. (2003). ar current health behavioral change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts? Obesity Research, 11(10), 23-42. Daddario, D.K. (2007). A review of the use of the health belief model for weight management. Medsurg Nursing, 16 (6), 363-366. Przybylski, M. (2010). Health locus of control theory in diabetes a worthwhile approach in managing diabetic foot ulcers? Journal of Wound Care, 19 (6), 228-233. Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectations for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychol Monogr. 1966 80 1 1-28.

Moral Truth

Moral Truth What is Moral justness? In Sam Harris book The Moral Landscape, he explains his ideas on righteous truth. He explains that moral truth is so complex because of personal whim, and cultural influence. He explains his ideas of moral truth through science, objective and inhering, and consensus and consciousness. With these ideas Harris is able to define moral truth to his ruff ability, because it is such a difficult subject to understand. In the chapter on moral truth, Harris explains moral truth with the use of science.He states in the book science finish, in Principe, cooperate us understand what we should do, and should want-and, at that placefore, what other people should do and want in order to live the best lives possible. In other words, He believes that like science, there are right and wrong answers to moral truth. He then explains that science should help us answer moral questions. His other idea is that science is establish on our best guess of what it is an d moral truth is the same. Moral truth is also just our best guess of what is right and wrong.Harris is trying to say that moral truth, like science, sens have a framework in which we believe is correct, but can always change. Harris explains in the book that the terms objective and prejudiced are very different. Objective means that a person is using to bias when they are making a statement. He uses the example of having a vibrancy in his ear. This is a subjective statement, however, is objective because he is not lying. From this idea of the ringing in the ear, he explains that this is a way that we can study depression.We can determine brain states with reference, to persons subjective thoughts. Finally in the chapter, he explores the ideas of consensus and consciousness. He explains that scientific consensus as scientific controversy that work ask to be done. For example, moral controversy proves that there can be no such thing as moral truth while moral consensus shows sca rce that human beings often harbor the same biases this idea is basically saying that often people will think differently than others and this creates bias among people.Harris explains that truth has nought to do with moral consensus, because often one person can be right, while a crowd is wrong. Harris then goes on to explain his ideas on consciousness. He explains that people have moral truth because they are conscious creatures. His understanding of a conscious being is that consciousness is only intelligible domain of value. wholly in all, Harris believes that moral truth is similar to science because it must be backed up by evidence and often consists of educated guesses.He explains that objective and subjective are very different, however can often be used in the same ways. Finally, consensus and consciousness outline the basis of moral truth, because without them moral truth would not exist according to Harris. He believes that consensus means that only humans can have the same bias, and consciousness shows that only people with consciousness can have moral truth.

Last Sacrifice Chapter One

I DONT LIKE CAGES. I dont blush handle leaving to zoos. The first time I went to hotshot, I almost had a claustrophobic attack looking at those poor animals. I couldnt imagine any creature living that way. Sometimes I even felt a little bad for criminals, condemned to intent in a cell. Id certainly never expected to spend my life in genius.solely lately, life seemed to be throwing me a lot of social functions Id never expected, because hither I was, locked away.Hey I yelled, gripping the steel bars that isolated me from the domain of a function. How gigantic am I going to be here? Whens my tally? You cant keep me in this dungeon foreverOkay, it wasnt exactly a dungeon, not in the dark, rusty-chain sense. I was inside a diminutive cell with plain walls, a plain floor, and well plain everything. Spotless. Sterile. Cold. It was actually more depressing than any musty dungeon could have managed. The bars in the doorway felt cool against my skin, hard and unyielding. Fluoresce nt lighting made the metal gleam in a way that felt harsh and dirty to my eyes. I could see the shoulder of a man standing rigidly to the side of the cells entrance and k current there were probably four more guardians in the mansion out of my sight. I also knew none of them were going to answer me concealment, plainly that hadnt stopped me from constantly demanding answers from them for the last two days.When the usual silence came, I sighed and slumped back on the cot in the cells corner. Like everything else in my new home, the cot was colorless and stark. Yeah. I squarely was first to wish I had a real dungeon. Rats and cobwebs would have at least outpouringn me roughlything to watch. I stared upward and immediately had the disorienting touch sensationing I ceaselessly did in here that the ceiling and walls were destruction in around me. Like I couldnt breathe. Like the sides of the cell would keep coming toward me until no space remained, pushing out all the air I sa t up abruptly, gasping. Dont stare at the walls and ceiling, Rose, I chastised myself. Instead, I looked d declare at my clasped hands and tried to figure out how Id gotten into this mess.The initial answer was obvious somebody had framed me for a crime I didnt commit. And it wasnt petty crime either. It was murder. Theyd had the audacity to accuse me of the highest crime a Moroi or dhampir could commit. zero(prenominal), that isnt to say I havent killed before. I have. Ive also done my fair share of rule (and even law) breaking. Cold- blooded murder, however, was not in my repertoire. Especially not the murder of a queen.It was professedly nance Tatiana hadnt been a friend of mine. Shed been the coolly calculating ruler of the Moroia race of living, magic- using vampires who didnt kill their victims for blood. Tatiana and I had had a rocky relationship for a number of reasons. nonpareil was me dating her great-nephew, Adrian. The new(prenominal) was my disapproval of her pol icies on how to fight off Strigoithe evil, undead vampires who stalked us all. Tatiana had tricked me a number of times, exactly Id never wanted her dead. Someone evidently had, however, and theyd left(p) a trail of evidence leading the right way to me, the worst of which were my fingerprints all over the silver stake that had killed Tatiana. Of course, it was my stake, so naturally itd have my fingerprints. No one seemed to think that was relevant.I sighed again and pulled out a tiny crumpled piece of paper from my pocket. My only reading material. I squeezed it in my hand, having no need to look at the words. Id long since memorized them. The notes contents made me question what Id whopn about Tatiana. It had made me question a lot of things.Frustrated with my own surroundings, I slipped out of them and into someone elses my best friend Lissas. Lissa was a Moroi, and we shared a psychic link, one that let me go to her mind and see the knowledge base through her eyes. All Mor oi wielded some type of elemental magic. Lissas was spirit, an element tied to psychic and healing powers. It was rare among Moroi, who usually used more physical elements, and we provided understood its abilitieswhich were incredible. Shed used spirit to bring me back from the dead a hardly a(prenominal) years ago, and thats what had forged our bond.Being in her mind freed me from my cage but offered little help for my problem. Lissa had been go bading hard to prove my innocence, ever since the hearing that had laid out all the evidence against me. My stake being used in the murder had only been the beginning. My opponents had been quick to remind everyone about my antagonism toward the queen and had also found a witness to testify about my whereabouts during the murder. That testimony had left me without an alibi. The Council had decided there was enough evidence to send me to a full-fledged trialwhere I would receive my verdict.Lissa had been trying desperately to get peoples attention and entice them Id been framed. She was having trouble finding anyone who would listen, however, because the entire Moroi Royal Court was consumed with preparations for Tatianas elaborate funeral. A monarchs finis was a big deal. Moroi and dhampirshalf- vampires like mewere coming from all over the world to see the spectacle. Food, flowers, decorations, even musicians The full deal. If Tatiana had gotten married, I doubted the event would have been this elaborate. With so much activity and buzz, no one cared about me now. As far as most people were concerned, I was safely stashed away and unable to kill again. Tatianas murderer had been found. conscionableice was served. Case closed.Before I could get a move in picture of Lissas surroundings, a commotion at the jail jerked me back into my own head. Someone had entered the area and was speaking to the guards, asking to see me. It was my first vi tantaliseor in days. My heart pounded, and I leapt up to the bars, hoping it was someone who would tell me this had all been a horrible mistake.My visitor wasnt instead who Id expected.Old man, I said wearily. What are you doing here?Abe Mazur stood before me. As always, he was a sight to behold. It was the middle of summerhot and humid, seeing as we were right in the middle of rural pop but that didnt stop him from wearing a full suit. It was a flashy one, perfectly tailored and adorned with a brilliant purple silk tie and unified scarf that just seemed like overkill. Gold jewelry flashed against the dusky hue of his skin, and he looked like hed recently trimmed his short black beard. Abe was a Moroi, and although he wasnt royal, he wielded enough influence to be.He also happened to be my father.Im your lawyer, he said cheerfully. Here to give you legal counsel, of course.You arent a lawyer, I reminded him. And your last second base of advice didnt work out so well. That was mean of me. Abedespite having no legal training whatsoeverhad defended me a t my hearing. Obviously, since I was locked up and headed for trial, the outcome of that hadnt been so great. But, in all my solitude, Id come to realize that hed been right about something. No lawyer, no matter how good, could have saved me at the hearing. I had to give him credit for stepping up to a lost cause, though considering our sketchy relationship, I still wasnt sure why he had. My biggest theories were that he didnt confide royals and that he felt paternal obligation. In that order.My performance was perfect, he argued. Whereas your compelling speech in which you said if I was the murderer didnt do us any favors. Putting that image in the judges head wasnt the smartest thing you could have done.I ignored the barb and crossed my arms. So what are you doing here? I know its not just a fatherly visit. You never do anything without a reason.Of course not. Why do anything without a reason?Dont start up with your circular logic.He winked. No need to be jealous. If you work har d and put your mind to it, you might just inherit my brilliant logic skills someday.Abe, I warned. Get on with it.Fine, fine, he said. Ive come to tell you that your trial might be moved up.W-what? Thats great news At least, I thought it was. His expression said otherwise. Last Id heard, my trial might be months away. The uncorrupted thought of thatof being in this cell so longmade me feel claustrophobic again.Rose, you do realize that your trial will be about identical to your hearing. Same evidence and a guilty verdict.Yeah, but there must be something we can do before that, right? Find trial impression to clear me? Suddenly, I had a good idea of what the problem was. When you say moved up, how soon are we public lecture?Ideally, theyd like to do it after a new king or queen is crowned. You know, part of the post-coronation festivities.His tone was flippant, but as I held his dark gaze, I caught the full meaning. Numbers rattled in my head. The funerals this week, and the elect ions are right after Youre saying I could go to trial and be convicted in, what, practically two weeks?Abe nodded.I flew toward the bars again, my heart pounding in my chest. Two weeks? Are you serious?When hed said the trial had been moved up, Id figured maybe it was a month away. Enough time to find new evidence. How would I have pulled that off? Unclear. Now, time was rushing away from me. Two weeks wasnt enough, especially with so much activity at Court. Moments ago, Id resented the long stretch of time I might face. Now, I had too little of it, and the answer to my next question could make things worse.How long? I asked, trying to control the trembling in my voice. How long after the verdict until they carry out the sentence?I still didnt entirely know what all Id inherited from Abe, but we seemed to clearly share one trait an unflinching ability to deliver bad news.Probably immediately.Immediately. I backed up, nearly sat on the bed, and then felt a new surge of adrenaline. Immediately? So. Two weeks. In two weeks, I could be dead.Because that was the thingthe thing that had been hanging over my head the moment it became clear someone had planted enough evidence to frame me. People who killed queens didnt get sent to prison. They were executed. Few crimes among Moroi and dhampirs got that kind of punishment. We tried to be civilized in our justice, exhibit we were better than the bloodthirsty Strigoi. But certain crimes, in the eyes of the law, deserved death. Certain people deserved it, toosay, like, treasonous murderers. As the full tint of the future fell upon me, I felt myself shake and tears come dangerously close to spilling out of my eyes.Thats not right I told Abe. Thats not right, and you know itDoesnt matter what I think, he said calmly. Im simply delivering the facts. Two weeks, I repeated. What can we do in two weeks? I mean youve got some lead, right? Or or you can find something by then? Thats your specialty. I was rambling and knew I sounded hysterical and desperate. Of course, that was because I felt hysterical and desperate.Its going to be difficult to accomplish much, he explained. The Courts preoccupied with the funeral and elections. Things are disorderlywhich is both good and bad.I knew about all the preparations from watching Lissa. Id seen the chaos already brewing. determination any sort of evidence in this mess wouldnt just be difficult. It could very well be impossible.Two weeks. Two weeks, and I could be dead.I cant, I told Abe, my voice breaking. Im not meant to die that way.Oh? He arched an eyebrow. You know how youre supposed to die?In battle. One tear managed to escape, and I hastily wiped it away. Id always lived my life with a tough image. I didnt want that shattering, not now when it mattered most of all. In fighting. Defending those I love. Not not through some planned execution.This is a fight of sorts, he mused. Just not a physical one. Two weeks is still two weeks. Is it bad? Yes. But its better than one week. And nothings impossible. mayhap new evidence will turn up. You simply have to wait and see.I hate waiting. This room its so undersize. I cant breathe. Itll kill me before any executioner does.I highly doubt it. Abes expression was still cool, with no sign of sympathy. Tough love. Youve fearlessly fought groups of Strigoi, yet you cant handle a small room?Its more than that Now I have to wait each day in this hole, knowing theres a clock ticking down to my death and almost no way to stop it.Sometimes the greatest tests of our strength are situations that dont seem so obviously dangerous. Sometimes surviving is the hardest thing of all. Oh. No. No. I stalked away, pacing in small circles. Do not start with all that noble crap. You sound like Dimitri when he used to give me his deep life lessons.He survived this very situation. Hes surviving other things too.Dimitri.I took a deep breath, calming myself before I answered. Until this murder mess, Dimitri had been the biggest complication in my life. A year agothough it seemed like eternityhed been my instructor in high school, training me to be one of the dhampir guardians who protect Moroi. Hed accomplished thatand a lot more. Wed fallen in love, something that wasnt allowed. Wed managed it as best we could, even finally coming up with a way for us to be together. That hope had disappeared when hed been bitten and move Strigoi. It had been a living nightmare for me. Then, through a miracle no one had trustd possible, Lissa had used spirit to transform him back to a dhampir. But things unfortunately hadnt quite returned to how theyd been before the Strigoi attack.I glared at Abe. Dimitri survived this, but he was horribly depressed about it He still is. About everything.The full weight of the atrocities hed committed as a Strigoi haunted Dimitri. He couldnt forgive himself and swore he could never love anyone now. The fact that I had begun dating Adrian didnt help matters. After a num ber of shadowy efforts, Id accepted that Dimitri and I were through. Id moved on, hoping I could have something real with Adrian now.Right, Abe said dryly. Hes depressed, but youre the picture of happiness and joy.I sighed. Sometimes talking to you is like talking to myself pretty damned annoying. Is there any other reason youre here? Other than to deliver the terrible news? I would have been happier living in ignorance.Im not supposed to die this way. Im not supposed to see it coming. My death is not some appointment penciled in on a calendar.He shrugged. I just wanted to see you. And your arrangements.Yes, he had indeed, I realized. Abes eyes had always come back to me as we spoke thered been no question I held his attention. There was nothing in our banter to concern my guards. But every so often, Id see Abes gaze flick around, taking in the hall, my cell, and whatever other details he found interesting. Abe had not earned his reputation as zmeythe serpentfor nothing. He was alw ays calculating, always looking for an advantage. It seemed my tendency toward crazy plots ran in the family.I also wanted to help you pass the time. He smiled and from under his arm, he handed me a couple of magazines and a book through the bars. Maybe this will improve things.I doubted any entertainment was going to make my two-week death countdown more manageable. The magazines were fashion and hair oriented. The book was The Count of Monte Cristo. I held it up, needing to make a joke, needing to do anything to make this less real.I saw the movie. Your subtle symbolism isnt actually all that subtle. Unless youve hidden a file inside it.The books always better than the movie. He started to turn away. Maybe well have a literary discussion next time. Wait. I tossed the reading material onto the bed. Before you go in this whole mess, no ones ever brought up who actually did kill her. When Abe didnt answer right away, I gave him a sharp look. You do believe I didnt do it, right? For all I knew, he did think I was guilty and was just trying to help anyway. It wouldnt have been out of character.I believe my sweet daughter is capable of murder, he said at last. But not this one.Then who did it?That, he said before walking away, is something Im working on.But you just said were running out of time Abe I didnt want him to leave. I didnt want to be alone with my fear. Theres no way to fix thisJust remember what I said in the courtroom, he called back.He left my sight, and I sat back on the bed, thinking back to that day in court. At the end of the hearing, hed told mequite adamantlythat I wouldnt be executed. Or even go to trial. Abe Mazur wasnt one to make idle promises, but I was starting to think that even he had limits, especially since our timetable had just been adjusted.I again took out the crumpled piece of paper and opened it. It too had come from the courtroom, covertly handed to me by AmbroseTatianas servant and boy-toy.Rose,If youre reading this, then so mething terrible has happened. You probably hate me, and I dont blame you. I can only ask that you trust that what I did with the age decree was better for your people than what others had planned. There are some Moroi who want to force all dhampirs into service, whether they want it or not, by using compulsion. The age decree has slowed that faction down.However, I write to you with a secret you must put right, and it is a secret you must share with as few as possible. Vasilisa needs her spot on the Council, and it can be done. She is not the last Dragomir. Another lives, the illegitimate child of Eric Dragomir. I know nothing else, but if you can find this son or daughter, you will give Vasilisa the power she deserves. No matter your faults and dangerous temperament, you are the only one I feel can take on this task. Waste no time in fulfilling it.Tatiana IvashkovThe words hadnt changed since the other hundred times Id read them, nor had the questions they always triggered. Was th e note true? Had Tatiana really written it? Had shein spite of her outwardly hostile attitudetrusted me with this dangerous knowledge? There were twelve royal families who made decisions for the Moroi, but for all intents and purposes, there might as well have only been eleven. Lissa was the last of her line, and without another member of the Dragomir family, Moroi law said she had no power to sit on and vote with the Council that made our decisions. Some pretty bad laws had already been made, and if the note was true, more would come. Lissa could fight those lawsand some people wouldnt like that, people who had already demonstrated their willingness to kill.Another Dragomir. Another Dragomir meant Lissa could vote. One more Council vote could change so much. It could change the Moroi world. It could change my worldsay, like, whether I was found guilty or not. And certainly, it could change Lissas world. All this time shed believed she was alone. Yet I uneasily wondered if shed wel come a half-sibling. I accepted that my father was a scoundrel, but Lissa had always held hers up on a pedestal, believing the best of him. This news would come as a shock, and although Id trained my entire life to keep her safe from physical threats, I was starting to think there were other things she needed to be protected from as well.But first, I needed the truth. I had to know if this note had really come from Tatiana. I was pretty sure I could find out, but it involved something I hated doing.Well, why not? It wasnt like I had anything else to do right now.Rising from the bed, I turned my back to the bars and stared at the blank wall, using it as a focus point. Bracing myself, remembering that I was strong enough to keep control, I released the mental barriers I always subconsciously kept around my mind. A great pressure lifted from me, like air escaping a balloon.And suddenly, I was surrounded by ghosts.

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Paper

Individuality and the importance of upholding womens rights, such as viewing a woman as a respectable, free-willed gentleman being, are the essential truths established in Charlotte Perkin Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. Through the development of the narrator Gilman uses symbolization and imagery to awaken the reader to the reality of what a womans intent was like in the 1800s. Analysis of the symbolism end-to-end the story reveals that the author was not only testifying to the social status of the women in golf club exactly specifically giving insight into her personal life, and what she was subjected to.What appeared to be a mere, contrite story to many readers, was actually a successful refer at the wrong mindset that society possessed at that time. The narrator was a woman who experienced these difficulties. Living in a house with her husband, John, she was ataraxisrain to a spacious, sunlit room that contained hideous yellow paper that she despised. Against her better j udgment she was not permitted to write, draw, or work, but simply rest. before long the wallpaper she despised became her only stimulus. She examined it by day and night, and began to see patterns develop and figures form.The vague figures took the shape of a woman trapped bottom bars, constantly searching for a bureau out. The narrator sympathized with the enslaved woman, and began to contemplate ways to save her. The narrator becomes paranoid around her husband and the babysitter who she looks are also trying to unmask the wallpapers true meaning. lastly the narrator becomes frantic and is reduced to a state of disillusion. The author draws the story to an end, with the narrator tearing down the wallpaper and exclaiming that she finally released the woman behind it.The wallpaper itself was not the cause of the narrators madness. Her husband thought that she was suffering from a nervous depression and concluded that it was in her exceed bear on to be prescribed the rest cure , confined to a room and isolated from her normal activities. This confinement and lack of freedom to live a normal life drove the narrator to examine the wallpaper, which was her only individual freedom left. Because of the narrators madness, she was unable to make the connection between the woman behind the wallpaper and herself.The narrator felt trapped, like the woman in the wallpaper, due to her domineering husband, her lack of indistinguishability and personal freedom of choice, as well as the prejudices suppressing her from society at large. The narrators life was parallel to the authors life. Gilman, like the narrator was subject to a confinement, cut off from society. She found individuality and freedom through her writing but it was abruptly ended by a doctors diagnosis stating that these activities were not healthy.The doctor prescribed the rest cure for Gilman she was to live as domestic a life as far as possible, to have but two hours intellectual life a day, and to n ever touch a pencil, brush or pencil again. She went home and followed the doctors orders for 3 months, and became even more mentally unstable than before. Soon she decided to break the doctors orders, and began to work again, and to continue her previous routine of everyday life. Gilmans decision to exert her God- given ability to choose what she thought best resulted in her becoming a strong individual.She wrote the Yellow Wallpaper as an attempt to change the way women were viewed and to express the importance of individuality. Her purpose was not mean to drive people crazy, but to save people from being driven crazy. The author succeeded in her attempt to convey the strike for individuality. Several times throughout the story, the narrator expressed her want to write, work, spend leisure times outdoors, and to leave the room. Her failure to carryout her desires resulted in insanity. Not only did she have her husband working against her, but she also had societys opinion at l arge to her disadvantage.During the 1800s, the only right workplace for women was at home. Women were viewed as incompetent, and as beings that were not able to think for themselves. The narrator in the Yellow Wallpaper knew nothing in her husbands eyes. Her feelings were not relevant, but were instead pushed aside and counted worthless. Although the narrator never came to grips with the need for individuality, the reader can imagine how different the circumstances may have been if she had exercised her right to think and act freely.Thinking and acting freely was a elevated occurrence in the women at large in the 1800s. In the first part of the neat story on page 437, the narrator states Personally I disagree with their ideas. Personally I believe that congenial work, with excitement, and change, would do me good. still what is iodin to do? The narrator reveals her lack of confidence and of individuality when she remarks But what is one to do? She constantly discounts her fee lings and continually discredits herself of any self- confidence she has left within her.Further down the page she articulates her hatred for the room and expresses her desire to move to other room downstairs, but once again places her feelings aside by saying But John would not hear of it. The author also succeeded tremendously with the symbolism of the woman trapped behind the wallpaper. The woman trapped behind the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the narrators fear of confronting her husband with her opinions and feelings, and also the desire to carry the room she finds herself in.Many women during this time had similar feelings to that of the narrator in the Yellow Wallpaper. The author set out to alter the mindset in women during her time. In this short story the woman trapped behind the wallpaper not only represents the narrator, but the majority of women in that time. On page 444, the author writes Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind the wallpaper, and somet imes only one And she is all the time trying to climb through. But nobody could climb through that pattern- it strangles so.I think that is why it has so many heads. This excerpt symbolizes the way women felt in her time. The way of persuasion about women in that time was so strong, that not one woman thought they could escape the false stereotype that they had adopted unwillingly. In the authors opinion, many women felt trapped and depressed, but felt that they could do nothing about it. It is evident that the author urged all of her women readers to escape the spirit of the opinions and notions of her time period, and to be an individual who expressed their feelings freely.Charlotte Perkins Gilman sought to communicate that women should be respected on the same level as men, and that women also had the ability to think rationally and independently. positive examination of the symbolism found in this short story finds that individuality is of utter necessity in overcoming difficu lt obstacles. The authors attempt to educate women this principle succeeded in one of the greatest ways possible. Women of the past and present have escaped the stereotype of a typical 1800s woman and have created for themselves a workplace outside the home.

How Can Internet Impact Their Life? Essay

Growing numbers of Americans ca delectation approach shot to the meshwork at work and at home. That is especi all(prenominal)y true for net profit veterans 56% of the grown pumped-up(a)1 say they have access in two places, compared to only 32% of internet novices who report access at work and at home. The networks growing role in the workplace has translated to changes in the come of prison term batch spend doing work whether it is at the office or at home.One in seven Internet wasting diseasers say their use of the Internet has resulted in an subjoin in the amount of cadence they spend working at home and one and only(a) in ten say the Internet gains the beat they spend working at the office (kutais 2002 138). Although the magnitudes here are not great, the Internet veterans report greater impacts. As the current time progress, the contributions of lucre from the lives of a single single(a) to the entire community engage in complex approach (Anandarajan 2004 5 7 Bonilla 2004 88).The evolution of cyberspace provides interconnections to different cultures and traditions that al virtuallyhow create a notion of monogamousness in the ideations and concepts of every human civilization. Information and various socializations are easily facilitated through the use of web connections (Vogel 2007 247). The investigate involves the utilization of interview procedures in coiffe to obtain probable effects and contribution of internet in the lives of American people. Literature ReviewThe increasingly important role of the internet in users lives is also evident when it comes to money matters. These changes in some users perspectives are understandable. The initial excitement and fun of emailing a distant friend or family share is bound to incur people at first herald the right smart the Internet enhances the feeling of closeness (Pogue 2006 121). Although the magnitudes here are not great, the Internet veterans report greater impacts (Robert 1 994 13).Of those who have been online for to a greater extent than three years, 21% report that the Internet has increased the amount of time they spend working at home, while 4% report it decreases the amount of time they spend working at home (Huber 2002 186). These veterans also report large impacts when it comes to outlay time at the office, but the effects cut both ways. Eleven percent of veterans say the Internet has increased the time they spend at the office 11% say it decreases time at the office.This compares with 10% of Internet users who report an increase in time spent at the office and 6% who report a decrease. The use of the Internet to find important tuition or carry out tasks also grew among their respondents. An bonny user in establish 2000 had tried about 11 activities online, compared to an comely user a year later who had performed about 14 activities online. They found that a years experience online results in a modest wane in the amount of time an avera ge Internet user is online during a true session.In display 2001, such a session lasted about 83 minutes, compared to 90 minutes for an average session the year before (Vogel 2007 248). There is great flux in peoples time spent online. Some Internet users are spending more time online, especially those who use the Internet at work and those who find new things to do online. Conversely, some are spending slight time online and they tend to report that they dont have as such(prenominal) time as before to be online. Some say they dont find using the Internet as appealing as they did before.Internet usersveteran users especiallyreport that their use of email and the Web has changed the amount of time they spend watching TV, shopping in stores, and reading newspapers (Huber 2002 187). One-quarter of all Internet users say that the Internet has decreased the time they spend watching television, with fully ternion (31%) of veterans motto this (kutais 2002 138). The Internet has also prompted some users to spend slight(prenominal) time reading newspapers 14% say this, with 21% of Internet veterans reporting a decline in newspaper reading (Karin and Keller 1997 138).However, Internet users, and veterans in particular, are active online surfers for news, so they might be simply switching time with the paper to suppress with the online version. As for elements of the Internet that b early(a) people, spam emails lead the way (especially from marketers), and a substantial number of Internet users complain that they have real uncalled-for emails with informal content (Vogel 2007 248). More than ten Internet users (44%) in bunt 2001 said that unwanted spam emails were a problem for than, a large increase from 33% who said this in March 2000 (Winston 1998 64).Moreover, many reports getting so much spam that it is hard for them to get to the emails that matter to them . Most Internet users (56%) have received an email with adult content or advertising adult Web sit es 20% say this happens often (Bonilla 2004 88). In this report, the Pew Internet & American vivification Project traces the same Internet users from one year to the next. In March 2000, they interviewed 3,533 Americans, inquiring if they used the Internet and if so, what they do when they surf the Web and use email to stay in touch with family and friends.In March 2001, they re-interviewed 1,501 of the people they talked with in their March 2000 sample. Throughout this report, they compare the answers they got in 2001 to the answers we got from the same people in 2000. This provides a rich picture of how peoples internet use changed over the course of a year. Matching the 1,501 people from their March 2001 survey to the previous year, 57% said they were internet users as of March 2001 compared to the 46% of them who were internet users in March 2000.As we did in March 2000, they asked people how the Internet has affected the way they keep up with family and friends (Pittinsky 200 3 99). The study probed whether and how often people go online for work-related tasks and they inquired into the kinds of activities people do online. Further, they pursued some new themes in March 2001, examining the impact of the internet on peoples time-use and looking into peoples feelings about some of the Internets possible hassle factors such as unwanted are emails (Huber 2002 188).Not only do we explore how peoples Internet use has changed in the aggregate between 2000 and 2001, they also examine how different kinds of users have changed their surfboarding patterns. A consistent finding throughout their reports is that the length of time a person has been using the Internet is a strong predictor of how often, person goes online and how much a user does on the Internet (Bonilla 2004 88). The longer a person has been online, the more likely he or she is to have surfed for health care information, direct an instant message, or purchased a product over the Internet (Huber 2002 187).To explore the impact of users experience levels more carefully, they compare the Internets veterans or the long wired, who have been online for more than three years as of March 2000, to mid-range users who were online for two to three years in March 2000, and newcomers who were online for a year or little in March 2000 . In analysis of these three categories below, when they refer to, say, newcomers in 2000 and newcomers in 2001, they refer to the same respondents and how their responses compared to what they told us in March 2000 (kutais 2002 140).For Internet users with access at work, four in nine (44%) say that the Internet improves their ability to do their job a lot The Internets long wired usersthose online for more than three yearsreport the greatest impact, with 55% saying the Internet has helped them at work a lot By a large margin, those veterans who say the Internet has alter how they do their job are menfully 60%. The effect is less pronounced for those new to the Internet, with 36% of newcomers saying the Internet has helped them a lot on the job.Americans engagement with the Internet as a way to stay in touch with friends and family remains strong. In March 2000, 79% of Internet users said that they email members of their immediate and extended family, a number that grew to 84% a year later (Karin and Keller 1997 138) Seventy-nine percent of all Internet users said they email friends in March 2000, essentially the same as the 80% who said they email friends in March 2001. However, as some people gain experience online their perceptions of the Internets role in personal communication change (Vogel 2007 248).Fewer report that emailing is very useful for beingness in contact with family and friends and a notable number of email users cut back the frequency with which they email family and friends (Huber 2002 186). At the same time, they a bow a substantial increase in the use of email for serious communication, such as sharing worries and seeking advice. All this is in the context of people continue to value the internet highly, 82% of veterans said that in 2001 compared with 68% who said it in 2000 (kutais 2002 140).Methodology Research Design The study is cross-sectional descriptive visualize since it studies variables of interest in a sample of subjects are assayed once and the descents between them are determined. This is also used to examine and identify the cause and effect relationship of the dependent and independent variables. The main purpose of descriptive study is to observe, describe, and document vistas of situations.Furthermore, the designs objective is to portray accurately the characteristics of persons, situations, or pigeonholings and/or the frequency with which certain phenomena occur in the overall course of study. Sampling Criteria The sampling criteria of the respondents to be involved shall cover age, specifically 18 and above with no racial and/ or gender categorization and locale, speci fically the Cambridge University College of Information Technology. Sampling Technique Random Sampling pull up stakes be used in this study.The researchers will use simple random sampling since it is more appropriate and practical to use. This is a technique where we select a group of subjects (a sample) for study from a larger group (a population). Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has a known, but possibly non-equal, chance of being include in the sample. Random Sampling is used to prevent the possibility of a biased or erroneous inference. The researchers will use this sampling method to submit a sample frame of at least 2,300 respondents with time frame of September to October 2005.Data Gathering Procedures Upon conducting the study, the initial step is to formulate the tool for evaluation, which includes an unrestricted questionnaire The researchers of this study must accomplish a written consent signed by the concerned locale adm inistrations, significant officials, and the respondents themselves granted that the knowledge and coverage of the research are explained in full detail. The researchers will obtain the sample population guided by the criteria imposed for sample gathering.After which, the respondents shall be given a complete information guided by the standards proceedings of ethical matters. The researchers shall utilize the evaluation tool in order to obtain the set of answers facilitating homogenous perspective. The researchers will provide the interpretation and analysis on the quantitative data in hand. After which, the numerical data obtained shall be categorized into three criterion, namely satisfactory, average and unsatisfactory, in order to facilitate the comparison against the factors influencing the outcome.After which, the proceedings shall involve the tabulation and collation of the data gathered, determine factors and differences on the learning outcomes, and identify the range of vi ews of the respondents. The tabulated data shall wherefore be interpreted and analyzed in order to serve basis for the end conclusion of the study. Considering the previous studies and established norms, the study shall then provide implications associated to the previous research and study.Moreover, the study shall analyze the correlations of the data obtained in order to draw the leading factors that answers the problem statement on how internet affects the lives of the users. watchword The impact of internet in the lives o human civilization can vary according to the culture and racial orientation as well as the modernization phase employed by the country however, the settings are proven to be disregarded most especially the impact of internet engages the homogenous aspect of facilitating efficient and fastest means of communication.Hence, one of the impacts obtained from the methodological study is the use of email against the acquisition of knowledge through web-surfing utili zing search engines (kutais 2002 140). Apparently, the use of email has been one of the most prominent purposes of internet. In order to reach an individual from any other part of the world, communication usually takes day, but with internet, it only takes clicks for the message to be delivered.such(prenominal) outcomes obtained from September 2005 implicate a significant increase from mid-2004 (Pogue 2006 121). The study shows that the use of search engines in June 2004 on a usual day has increase significantly from 30% to 41% of the population that utilizes internet, which evidently expanded from the data compared last year. Such outcomes implicate that the population utilizing search engines on a typical day increased from crudely 38 million in June 2004 to approximately 59 million in September 2005 a shoot-up of approximately 55%.Such interpretation concludes that the utilization of search engines is clearly making its way to popularity than email, which affects greatly the usu al pattern of day-by-day activities on any given day (Vogel 2007 249). On the other hand, the Pew Internet Project data implicates that on a usual day, the utilization of email is still the top internet activity (kutais 2002 140). Considering no specification of day schedule, approximately 52% of American internet users are sending and receiving email, up from 45% in June of 2004.Consistent with the finding that Internet users are less likely to email family members, the study found that a years time means that people are less likely to say that they put across more with family members now that they use email. In March 2001, 56% of those who email family members said that they communicate more with others in the family now that they have email. This number barbarous to 46% in 2001. At the same time, people are somewhat more likely in 2001 to say that email has improved family relationship. In March 2000, 35% of Internet users said the Internet has improved family relationship. th is number increased to 39% in March 2001. Again, this suggests that though frequency of contact may decline, the Internet positive impact on family relationships does not decline (Winston 1998 64). The story is similar, although the less pronounced, when people are asked about using email to communicate with friends. In March 2000, 92% of those who email friends said email was useful to stay in touch with friends, with 55% saying it was very useful In March 2001, 90% of people who email friends said email was a useful way to connect with friends 52% said it was very useful. Long-wired Internet users are largely liable for this decrease, with this class of Internet user being the only one in which a years time led to a decline in support for the idea that the Internet is a very useful way to communicate with friends. For connections to friends, 69% of March 2000s Internet users said the Internet improved connections to friends a lot or somewhat and 65% said this in March 2001. The s hare of people saying the Internet improved connections to friends changed very little, sledding from 37% in 2000 to 35% in 2001 (kutais 2002 140).Within categories of users, again it was the veterans who recorded a notable decline in enthusiasm for this proposition. Similarly, people were somewhat less likely to say email has increased the amount of communication with friends, with 61% of them who email friends saying in March 2000 that email means they communicate with friends more often, compared to 54% saying that a year later. Peoples emailing habits have changed in a years time, with the daily email to family and friends becoming less frequent. Accompanying this decline, however, has been a sharp increase in the use of email for important communications (Robert 1994 13).Many more people in 2001 report that they use email to get advice or share worries with those close to them. Some 12% of people who have ever emailed family members sent email to a key family member every day in 2001, down from 21% in 2000. Newcomers to the internet in 2000 had the starkest declines, suggesting a novelty effect wearing off. Similarly, about 13% of Internet users emailed a key friend on a daily basis in 2001, down from 17% in 2000. The weekly email is the staple for most Internet users, as about 50% of email users said they send electronic messages to family and friends once a week.

Harvest of Empire by Juan Gonzalez

The book Harvest of Empire offers many examples of the factors leading to migration, which include economic and political persecution. The book has a direct connection between the grievousships Latinos faced economically and military in their perspective countries. By reading this book it is clearly stated that Latinos are on the verge of becoming the largest minority group in America. Juan Gonzalez presents a devastating perspective on U. S. history rarely found in mainstream publishing aimed at a popular audience. Few of those countries were immigrants from Puerto Rico, Mexico, friar preacher Republic and Central Americans.Gonzales develops his thesis by asserting that Latin American immigration and Latino presence in the fall in States are markedly different from European immigration history to this country in at least three main ways Latino immigration is closely tied to the growth and needs of the U. S. empire race and language attitudes in this country confound had the eff ect of moving Latin Americans not from immigrant to mainstream status, but rather from an immigrant to a racial caste status and how Latin Americans have arrived when the United States is already the dominant world power. Harvest of Empire mentions how since the 1820s Mexicans have migrated to the United States. Theyre the second largest immigrant nationality in our history. Meixco is the most populous Spanish speaking country in the world. Most of the countrys wealth flows outside of Mexico, meaning the U. S. After the tragedy of World War II , the United States reached an agreement with Mexico to import Mexicans for a certain period of time and by and by their harvest was done theyll go back to their country.This was the bracero program, which brought millions of immigrants into the United States only for seasonal work and once they were supposed to leave, they managed to stay illegally in order for them to digest to their families. World War II also made Mexican Americans activ e in the U. S armed forces. Santos Molina and Manuel Garza were two Canales family member who served in combat, in the same army so many of their ancestors had fought against.Nearly all his men were killed or wounded that day, and while Molina survived unscathed, he was severely wounded by machine gun attack later in Germany. ( 103) Even after all this tragedy of hoi polloi being killed Mexican Americans returned home and still faced racial discrimination. Tejano, Texans of Spanish and Mexican descent, formed several organizations in the early twentieth century to protect themselves from official and private discrimination, but made only partial progress in addressing the worst forms of official ethnic discrimination.The movement to overturn the many forms of state-sponsored discrimination directed at Hispanic Americans was strongest in Texas during the first fifty years of the twentieth century. It was just right after World War II that returning veterans joined the League of Un ited Latin American citizens (LULAC) to end segregation. Their main death was to have equal rights for Mexicans. According to the U. S Census, tejanos comprised 32. 4 percent of the workers in the state and sustained 33 percent of its wealth. (102) Between 1961 and 1986 more than 400,000 people legally immigrated to the United States from the Dominican Republic. More than 300,000 Dominicans lived in New York City by 1990, and the total was expected to reach 700,000 early in the millennium, making Dominican migration one of the largest to this country of the past forty years. (117) The hits of the Dominican immigration are various and have changed over time. the first significant immigration from the Dominican Republic to the United States was in large part the product of political and social instability at home.Those who opposed or had reason to fear the upstart regime in 1965 and those who were fleeing violence throughout the 1960s came to the United States in notable numbers. As time went on, however, and the political situation stabilized, Dominicans continued to emigrate, because of limited use of goods and services opportunities and poor economic conditions. Through the 1930s, 40s and 50s, the Dominican Republic was ruled by the former cattle rustler and now dictator, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, better known in the United States as simply Trujillo. He surrounded himself with murderers who kept the public intimidated.The Dominicans who came at this time were usually more educated and more politically active. iodine 1980 study revealed that 41 percent of New York Citys Dominican immigrants had completed ten years of high school or better, nearly double the average of city dwellers in the Dominican Republic. (125)Once they arrived, they started making their own business like owning their own bodegas and supermarkets. Most Dominicans work in nonunionized workplaces for advantage that most established Americans would refuse. Many Dominicans have en countered race prejudice in the United States also.The mixed Afro-Hispanic heritage of many Dominicans has led them to be categorized as black by white Americans, they have encountered the same racial prejudice that African Americans have experienced for centuries. Despite the accusations by their compatriots that they have been assimilated into American culture, Dominicans have tended to be seen by Americans as especially resistant to assimilation and committed to their country, culture, and language of origin. Dominicans also joined political parties and even manage to start their own organization.Most Dominicans that arrived in the 1960s began to settled themselves on the Upper West of Manhattan, Washington Heights. Dominican Americans are one of the newer national-cultural communities in the United States. They are still in process of creating a unique place for themselves here. Their relationships to the United States and its culture and to the Dominican Republic and Dominican culture are still evolving. However, the Dominican American company will find its own ways of living in the United States, and will make its own unique culture.Puerto Rico has been an unincorporated territory of the United States, theyre the onlyLatin Americans who once they arrived to the U. S theyre already U. S citizens, without the need of a resident card. The massive migration of Puerto Ricans to the United States was largest in the early and late 20th century. Between the 1950s and the 1980s, large numbers of Puerto Ricans migrated to New York, especially to the Bronx, and Spanish Harlem. Juan Gonzalez shares his story and the reason why his family and himself moved to the U.S and settled in El Barrio is receivable to the fact that jobs over there didnt provide sufficient money to provide for his big family. The 1930s were the most turbulent in Puerto Ricos modern history , and Ponce, where my family had settled, was the center of the storm. The Depression turned the island into a social inferno even more wretched than Haiti today. (84) Meaning that they were facing hard times. There was a lot of violence and crime. By the 1960s, more than a million Puerto Ricans were living in the United States with jobs like washing dishes in hotels, restaurants, precaution in apartment buildings, factories or bodegas. 90) The Puerto Rican community became dominated during the 1980s by two different social householdes, both highly dependent on government. vast disinvestment by government in public schools and epidemics of drug and alcohol abuse, all tore up the quality of city life. (95) They also faced individuality and language problems. Juan Gonzalez throughout the whole book has a combination of historical analysis that led to immigration and racial discrimination.He describes in details the experiences of working class families from different countries like Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Central America and Dominicans and how they have approach to assimilate th eir new lifestyle once they sterilise to the United States. The author gives out reasons of how immigrants truly go through hardships in order to get to America and live The American Dream. Latinos dont just come here to get on government programs like Section A, welfare, etc. They actually come here for a better prosperity for them and their families even though this may cause them to be far away from them.

How will you measure your life? Essay

1. How can I be sure that Ill be happy in my career?Some people assert that money is the virtually powerful inducing in their lives, and the more money they earn, the more happiness they go away have. However, from my personal perspective, I believe that earn more opportunity to turn back what I am not familiar with, taking responsible for my behavior, impart to others in ask in the society, and trying my best to achieve my goals in my career are the most happiest things in my professional career life. In addition, from my point of view, management is the most effective way to get these points, if management practice well. The author states that No other occupation offers as many ways to succor others learn and grow, take responsibility and be recognized for achievement, and contribute to the success of a team. So, it is important for me to learn well about management. This occupation of management also help the managers improve their skills. Learning from the process of do ing vexation , what I have learned, is able to make my career more successful. For me, it is the reason to enable that I will be happy in my career.2. How can I be sure that my relationships with my spouse and my family become an stand sourceof happiness?In the business relationship, people invest to a program probably get give back immediately, but contributing to a family is not the aforementioned(prenominal) case of investment. For example, family may bring me what I need of happiness is a long-term process. In my case, the reason I try my best to work unattackable is to give my family members better lives and it is an indispensable goal of my life. In addition, I believe most individuals take the same responsibilities to hold a family. With the personal development, some people change their focus from families to their work. Consequently, they might forget the schoolmaster purpose., so people should balance their work and family because of everyones limited resource, if no t, people might make their lives to the antithetic places what they previous intended to. Paying attention to what my family members need and how they feel about in this period is the most important thing for me.

Psychological Assessment and Testing Essay

Several websites that prove psychological estimation and tribulationing argon scattered throughout the Internet. These psychological-based sites help students, experts and ordinary hoi polloi to tell apart the basic concepts of psychology and recognize its various functions. One of the functions of psychological assessment and sampleing websites is to determine and somehow predict and pinpoint the possible psychological problem that an individual experienced. In this paper, dickens peer reviewed articles from two different websites devoted to psychology will be critically evaluated to illustrate the importance and role of psychological assessment and testing.The first website is www. apa. org, the title of the article is How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? The source of the article is the Ameri plenty Psychological Association. The problem deals specifically to the assessment of honest-to-god large(p)s which are 65 years old and above. The authors amount an d identify several types of psychopathological assessment for older adults. The identification of the different types of assessment and test regarding the psychological medicine in older adults help students, experts and other concerned individual understand the process and the meaning of the express assessments.The group hypothesize that dimensional type (age-based) of analysis is break off than categorical type ( unsoundness-based) analysis in the case of older adults. The research design they used is a soft design. The methodology that they used is diachronic research wherein they analyze the data from previous consummations to find a generalization from deduction that buttocks help in understanding the past, present and even future trends regarding the psychopathological assessment in older adults. They conducted their research through a comparison of the different screening measures used for older adults.The authors suggested that the gerontological first Scale is the n early useful due to the fact that it is age related, it can assess those who are cognitively impaired since it can either be oral or written and it is not depressive. They compared the BECK Anxiety Scale, the geriatric falling off Scale, the Cage and Michigan Alcoholism Screening rivulet- geriatric version, the MMPI-2 test, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test. The authors decided to find out which assessment is most applicable and facilitative since no received exist regarding the psychopathological assessment of adults.The second website is www. mental-health-matters. com, the article is entitled Personality and Stress? The author was Gillian Darby, a psychologist and affiliated to Get Mental Help, Inc. The research problem was concerned on the possible relationship mingled with disposition and stress. It was important to identify the relationship to help caution those people with a personality habituated to stress regarding future problems and help them understand themselves better through stress-management activities. Darby hypothesize that those who posses type A personality are more prone to stress.Darby further elaborates that hose with type B personality were often slight aggressive and are therefore less prone to stress. The research design that was used was a qualitative research. Using this research design, Darby tries to explore the connections that exist between type A personality and stress. The methodology that the author used is data analysis to be able to formulate the pattern/s and principle/s involve. Darby used literature review and case study review. The author included a personality test in the article to help readers qualify their personality type.Therefore the article showed the mishap that psychological assessment of personality can affect stress levels which might also lead to stress-related unwellness such as heart diseases. Both websites and articles proved that ind eed the use of psychological assessment and test are helpful and educational. Psychological assessments help individuals to evaluate themselves. Thus, the websites and articles can also be considered as self-help materials. Psychological assessments and testing are in themselves important in understanding oneself and promoting good health and healthy living since.Second branch The article How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? could help medical practitioners or concerned individuals identify the vanquish or most applicable type of assessment for the older adult patient. Most specifically, the group believes that Geriatric imprint Scale is most useful due to its nature which is somehow considerate of the older adults psychological state. Nevertheless, whenever these type of assessment might not be applicable, several other test and scales are presented.The article can be helpful in assisting the patient with information regarding the Psychopathology of his illness or p roblem. The suggestion and study in the article can be treated to be of native importance to the medical practitioner or attendant upon admission of the patient. In case that the Geriatric Depression Scale is not applicable to the patient, the article mentioned other relevant Psychopathological assessment scales and test. If possible the Geriatric Depression Scale can be use in conjunction with another scale or test to get a better view of the psychopathology of the patient.Particularly, the assessment recommended by the group is most useful due to the fact that it tries to focus on the medical cause of the problems by eliminating depressive questions. Geriatric Depression Scale unlike other Psychopathology Scale is not lengthy and can be dissolvented or done orally. This somehow helped the patient minimize the effort and stress that accompanies answering lengthy and technical assessment test. The second article is about Personality and Stress. In this article, the patient will be asked to answer a questionnaire or personality test which would determine whether he/she has a type A or a type B personality.A person who understands his/her situation and behavior would normally perform better than those who cannot acknowledge or is not aware of his or her behavior and personality. Thus, with the use of the personality test mesh in the article, a person is able to check him/her self and the situation. The person might opt to hand over new types of defense mechanism against stress or the person might want to seek professed(prenominal) advice regarding management of stress. As a common knowledge, stress often times leads to heart diseases.Since the article affirms that people with type A personality are prone to stress, it prompts necessary actions to control or reduce the possibility of heart disease. The person might try low cholesterol diet or engage in regular exercise. According to article, studies revealed that those who has type A personality are less rel axed than those with type B. This shows that the treatment for stress in the two types of personality should also vary. A medical practitioner, a psychologist or a counselor will find it easier to prescribe treatment if the cause of the illness or the source of the illness is identified.A person who has personality problems may not be treated properly with medication whole if the person still receive the same stressors at work or at home (several work load, weather, pets, traffic, etc). In case that the person already has a heart disease, knowing the personality type can help the family and the patient understands the things that can worsen the situation. For instance, a patient can understand himself better and the think why he felt stress out. The patient might try to avoid the things that made him fall away his temper.The counselor can also administer the necessary advice for the patient, since a type A personality is normally aggressive and critical.ReferencesAmerican Psycho logical Association. How is Psychopathology Assessed in Older Adults? Retrieved on January 5, 2009 from the World Wide network http//www. apa. org/pi/aging/practitioners/assessment05. html Darby, G. 2007. Personality and Stress Retrieved on January 6, 2009 from the World Wide Web http//www. mental-health-matters. com/articles/article. php? artID=1323

Ibdp Biology Sl Specimen Exam Paper

N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 88086004 Biology Standard level PaPer 1 Monday 17 November 2008 ( aft(prenominal)noon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer all the questions. For each question, choose the response you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on the answer sheet provided. 8808-6004 13 pages internationalistic Baccalaureate Organization 2008 1. Which of the following characterizes tissues? A. B. C. D. A group of cells that develop independently. A group of organs that ask the same function. A group of cells that flummox the same function.A group of organs that contain the same structure. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 2. Which of the following explains how brain cells develop to carry out their functions? A. B. C. D. The cells have interacted to become brain cells. The cells have evolved that way. Some genes are expressed while other genes are not. all told genes are expressed in the brai n cells. 3. The following is a diagram of a prokaryote. I. II. III. IV. Which two structures are required for protein synthesis in this cell? A. B. C. D. 8808-6004 III and IV II and IV II and III I and II 4. What is indispensable for osmosis to occur? A. B. C. D.A membrane protein A partially permeable membrane A source of energy A cell wall N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 5. In a cell the nuclear membrane has unordered down and spindle microtubules from both poles are attached to each centromere of chromosomes aligned on the equator. Which compassionate body of mitosis does this describe? A. B. C. D. Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase 6. Which of the following contain the element phosphorus? A. B. C. D. Amino acids Viruses Ribose Deoxyribose 8808-6004 Turn everyplace 4 7. Which diagram correctly illustrates a glucose molecule? A. H C OH CHOH C H OH C H C. H N H C H N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+B. O H C OH O C H N H C H C OH CHOH C H H C OH O H H C OH C OH H C OH H O D. CH (CH )n C O OH 8. The following diagram shows the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. What explains the lack of activity at gamy temperatures? Rate of enzyme activity optimum temperature Temperature / C A. B. C. D. The active site no longer has the required shape. All the substrate has been employ. All the enzyme has been used. Theactivesiteiscompletelyfilledwithsubstrate. 8808-6004 9. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ Which of the following correctly show the process and location for pyruvate fundamental law? Process A. B. C. D. erobic cell respiration respiration photosynthesis photosynthesis Location cytoplasm chloroplast cytoplasm chloroplast 10. A molecule has two guanines, one cytosine, three riboses and three phosphates arranged in a single strand. What kind of molecule is this? A. B. C. D. deoxyribonucleic acid RNA A triplet of DNA nucleotides A polysaccharide 11. In photosynthesis, light energy is used to split water molecules. Which products are formed and what is the name of the reaction? Products formed A. B. C. D. hydrogen and ATP hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen and ATP hydrogen and oxygen Reaction photolysis photolysis hydrolysis hydrolysis 8808-6004 Turn over 6 12. What git be concluded from the following data? N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 1 4 6 7 8 10 11 1 1 14 1 16 17 18 1 0 1 X Y A. B. C. D. Karyotype of a male with a normal exercise of chromosomes DNAprofilingofamalewithDownsyndrome DNAprofilingofamalewithanormalsetofchromosomes Karyotype of a male with Down syndrome 13. The genotypes of two parents are HbA HbA and HbA HbS. What are the likely phenotypes of their children? A. B. C. D. 7 % healthy 0 % may develop sickle-cell anemia % may develop sickle-cell anemia 100 % healthy 8808-6004 7 14. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ The gel image shown at a lower place has two lanes.The DNA is loaded onto the gel at the origin. To break in the DNA disassembles a negative charge is applied to the origin of the gel. What conclusion could be made some the DNA fragments? 1 origin A. B. C. D. The size of the DNA fragment in route 1 is great than in Lane . The charge of the DNA fragment in Lane is positive. The size of the DNA fragment in Lane is greater than in Lane 1. The charge of the DNA fragment in Lane 1 is positive. 15. Which of the following best describes sex linkage? A. B. C. D. The condition will be inherited lonesome(prenominal) by sons. The condition will be inherited only by daughters.The condition may be inherited by sons and daughters. The condition will be inherited by more daughters than sons. 16. A human gene is cloned into a plasmid and put into a host cell. Which enzymes are used for this gene enthral? A. B. C. D. Restriction endonuclease and DNA ligase DNA polymerase and DNA ligase Restriction endonuclease and DNA polymerase DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase 8808-6004 Turn over 8 17. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ Which of the following best describe(s) all the descendants of a clone? I. II. III. A. B. C. D. I only I and II only I and III only I, II and III They have the same chromosomes.They share one parent. They are sterile. The following diagram of a food meshing refers to questions 18 and 19. hawk fox small birds wiretap hedgehog shrew beetles slugs mice woodlice rabbits grass 18. Which organism(s) in the food web above is(are) both secondary consumer(s) and tertiary consumer(s)? A. B. C. D. Hawk and fox Hawk and hedgehog Fox and badger Hawk only 8808-6004 19. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ If 1 000 000 J m yr1 of cheer is assimilated by the grass in the food web, how much energy would be available to the badger? A. B. C. D. 10 to J m yr1 100 to 00 J m yr1 00 to one thousand J m yr1 00 to 10 000 J m yr1 0. The honest weight of walnuts from one group of trees was 8. g with a standard deviation of 1. g. Which conclusion can be drawn from these data? A. B. C. D. % of all walnuts from these trees weigh among . g and 11. g. 68 % of all walnuts from these trees weigh bet ween . g and 11. g. The minimum weight of walnuts from this tree is . g. The maximum weight of walnuts from this tree is 11. g. 21. Which of the following gases contribute to the nursery effect? I. II. III. A. B. C. D. I only I and II only II and III only I, II and III Methane Water vapour Nitrogen 8808-6004 Turn over 10 22.What is the main cause of variability in a species? A. B. C. D. Meiosis Mitosis Random mating Emigration N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 23. The diagram infra represents the human digestive system. 1 4 Which of the following correctly represents the labels? Esophagus A. B. C. D. 1 1 4 Gall bladder 4 4 1 Small intestine 1 Pancreas 4 8808-6004 11 24. What type of line of credit does the left atrium of the heart receive? A. B. C. D. Deoxygenated blood from the lungs Oxygenated blood from the right ventricle Oxygenated blood from the lungs Deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 5. What will be an effect of human immuno deficiency virus transmitting on the immune system? A. B. C. D. Antigens no longer bind to antibodies. Number of active lymphocytes is increased. Antibody production is limited. HIV patient will fall ill more frequently. 26. A person is suffering from an illness and the secure prescribes an antibiotic to treat the disease. What is the patient likely to suffer from? A. B. C. A viral infection A prokaryotic infection An eukaryotic infection Theflu(influenza) D. 8808-6004 Turn over 1 27. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ The diagram below shows the female reproductive system and associated organs.X Y Z Which of the labelled structures correctly identify the cervix, urethra and ovary? Cervix A. B. C. D. Z Y Y Z Urethra X Z X Y Ovary Y X Z X 28. Which conditions apply to gas exchange in the lungs when the blood arrives there from the body? Blood oxygen slow-wittedness A. B. C. D. same as inhaled radiate higher than inhaled air lower than inhaled air same as inhaled air Blood carbon diox ide concentration higher than inhaled air lower than inhaled air higher than inhaled air lower than inhaled air 8808-6004 1 29. Which of the following events leading up to birth is correct?A. B. C. D. Progesterone levels increase, oxytocin decreases. Progesterone levels decrease, oxytocin increases. Progesterone levels increase, oxytocin increases. Progesterone levels decrease, oxytocin decreases. N08/4/BIOLO/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX+ 30. What should happen after a meal? A. B. C. D. Blood glucose concentration rises and insulin concentration increases. Blood glucose concentration decreases and glucagon increases. Blood glucose concentration rises and insulin concentration decreases. Blood glucose concentration rises and glucagon concentration stays the same. 8808-6004

Models in Early Childhood Education Essay

6. 1 Introduction The rifle of human development theorists is important to early puerility training if their patterns argon translated into practise and methods. There was a great number of early tikehood education course of studys unquestionable in the 1960s and 1970s when educators and researchers were encouraged to develop alternative approaches for Head Start programs. Most programs were intentional to examine assorted ways of helping children at later academic failure improve their develop performance. However, it is helpful to examine how some special(prenominal) models have taken views of particular theorists and transformed these into program application.In this topic, we will examine several models to illustrate how particular views of child development can be implemented in practice. After completing this topic, you should be able to discuss the models available in early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Models * Montessori Programs * The Bank Street Approach * The Cognitively Oriented course of study * The Reggio genus Emilia Approach * The Bereiter-Engelmann Model Fig. 6. 1 Topic contents 6. 2 Montessori Program Maria Montessoris program was based on some c befully considered ideas about how young children grow.Montessori devised her program to fill up the needs of free children and to help them learn important life skills. It is designed as a leash-year sequence for children ages common chord to six. However, straight offs a wide range of Montessoris program can be found. Some hang quite rigidly to the original techniques, whereas others follow an approach that has been adapted to better fit the current affectionate context. 6. 3. 1 The Environment * It is aesthetically pleasing, with plants, flowers, and attractive furniture and solids. * Theres a sense of cast inherent in the classroom.* Child-sized equipment and materials argon clearly organized on shelves that atomic number 18 easily plan of attackible to the children. * unambiguous beas be available in the classroom, each containing materials unique to promoting the tasks to be mastered in that area. 6. 3. 2 The Children * Children of different ages involved in individual activities. * Children initiate activities and are free to engage in any projects they choose. * Children are ego-directed, liveing independently or sometimes by twos. * Younger children maybe learn by observing and imitating their older classmates.6. 3. 3 The Teachers * Little adult control. * Teachers involvement is minimal and quiet. * The instructor may be observing from a distance or demonstrating a child how to use a new material. * Teacher does not beef up or praise children for their work. * Activities are self-rewarding and intrinsically motivating. 6. 3. 4 The Materials * The materials are didactic (instructive) each designed to teach a special(prenominal) lesson. * It is self-correcting so the child gets immediate feedback from the material after c orrectly (incorrectly) completing a task.* It is designed from the simple to the more than complex for children to challenge more and more to more difficult concepts. * It is carefully and attractive constructed. * Made of natural materials such as varnished wood. 6. 3. 5 The Curriculum * When children first enter a Montessori program, they are introduced to the daily living component, in which practical activities are emphasized. * The second arrange of materials and activities are sensorial helping children develop, organize, broaden and refine sensory perceptions of sight, sound, touch, smell and taste.* The tertiary aspect of the program involves conceptual or academic materials. * Montessori programs are reality based rather than promoting fantasy, where in that location will not be a dramatic play area, a creative art corner, or other activities that invite children to freely use their imagination. 6. 3 The Bank Street Approach This program is have-to doe with with all a spects of childrens development, scarcely also that it places emphasis on interactions, both between the child and surround and between cognitive and affective areas of the childs development.The program does not aim to teach children a lot of new concepts, but rather to help them understand what they already know in more depth. Childrens own experiences are the base of the Bank Street program and thus, the curriculum must endure open and flexible so each child can build on and expend harmonise to her or his own unique conceptual level. 6. 4. 6 The Environment * The classroom is arranged into conventional post areas such as music, art, reading, science and dramatic play. * Many of the materials are handmade, by both teachers and children.* Teacher materials are encouraged because they are designed to meet unique and specific needs of the children in the class. * Children made materials may include books as part of the reading centre. 6. 4. 7 The Curriculum * The curriculum and f unctioning of the classroom is integrated. * To gain learning, curriculum is based on a unifying theme, which serves to help children focus on specific concepts and provides a sense of integration. * Children early experiences are designed to help them understand and master their school environment. * Later learning is extended beyond the classroom to the community. 6. 4. 8 The Teachers.* Teachers must have a keen understanding of childrens development, of each childs individuality, and of how best to structure an environment that will encourage each child to fulfil his or her potential. * Teachers role is to recognize nuances in the children through their sensitivity and energise changes as stamp down. * Teachers match the types and variety of materials and experiences they provide to childrens changing needs. 6. 4 The Cognitively Oriented Curriculum The Cognitively-Oriented model is based on the premise that children are active learners who construct their own knowledge from s ignificant experiences.It is based on the theoretical precepts of Jean Piaget. 6. 5. 9 The Environment * Is designed to be stimulating but orderly. * Children can independently choose from a wide variety of interesting materials. * Classroom is divided into work areas, each with a specific set of materials. * Accessible, uncluttered storage spaces in each workplace are clearly labelled. * It facilitates clean-up and promoting a sense of order. 6. 5. 10 The Schedule * Children gain a gradual understanding of time. * establish on the plan-do-review cycle. * The day begins with a planning time, where children decide what activities they would like to participate.* Then, children will engage in self selected activities, supported by teachers during work time. * Then, children review their work-time activities during recall time. * Small group time typically includes teacher-planned activities that reinforce cognitive concepts. * Large group or whole group activities are also conducted a s appropriate to the length of the program day. 6. 5. 11 The Curriculum * Teachers focus on extending the key experiences, which include a set of eight concepts based on the characteristics and learning capabilities of the preoperational children.* The eight concepts include active learning, using language, representing experiences and ideas, classification, Seriation, number concepts, spacial relationships and time. 6. 5 Reggio Emilia Approach The Reggio Emilia approach was established in Reggio Emilia, in northern Italy. The publically supported early childhood programs of this region, under the guidance and vision of Lords Malaguzzi, have demonstrable an extraordinary curriculum, based on many theoretical foundations, including Piaget and Vygotsky.6. 6. 12 The Environment * The physical space is utilize to promote an inviting, aesthetically pleasing, comfortable environment in which both human relationships and learning are central. * property is designed to encourage commun ication and nurture relationships. * Arrangements allow for places where children can work in teeny groups, a larger group, with a teacher or alone. * Equipment and activities are arranged to encourage exploration, discovery, and problem solving as well as to offer many choices.* A special studio is available where teachers and children have access to a wide variety of resource materials as well as to document childrens work. 6. 6. 13 The Curriculum * Projects are the central concept of the curriculum. * Usually it allows fiddling group of children to explore a concept or topic in depth. * Projects can be short-term or long-term. * Children are b allowed to work at a leisurely pace as there are no set chronicle and no time constrains in carrying their projects. * Often the representations of learning in projects are expressed in artwork. 6. 6. 14 The Teachers* Teachers works as co-teachers, which stay with a group of children for three years from infancy to age three to from thre e to six. * They are the resource person and learning partners to the children. * Have the support of a team of pedagogical coordinators and a visual arts teacher. * Programs include time for weekly staff meetings and ongoing staff development. 6. 6 The Bereiter-Engelmann Model The Bereiter-Engelmann model was designed primarily to help children from proverty backgrounds to gain some successful experiences that would diminish the likeliness of failure once they started elementary school.The program was founded on the assumption that because disadvantaged children were already behind their bourgeois peers, they needed not just enrichment activities but a program that would accelerate their rate of learning. Howeever, such a program could not be designed to meet all of the needs of preschool-aged children. Thus, this program was designed to meet very specific, teacher-determined learning foals rather than to meet the needs of the whole child. 6. 7. 15 The Curriculum * day by day le sson conveyed through a direct instruction approach.* Teacher presents carefully planned lessons, drills, and exercises designed to meet specific goals. * Lessons are designed offered in three academic areas-language, math and reading. * Precise teacher questions, which require specific verbal answers from the children, are presented in a carefully sequenced order. 6. 7. 16 The Environment * Facilities are arranged into polished classrooms, where direct teaching activities are carried out, and a large room for less structured, large-group activities.* The floor plan includes three small classrooms-named Arithmetic room, the Reading room and the Language room. * Each room is furnished with five small chairs facing a chalkboard and the teacher. * Rooms are plain, to minimize distraction from the task at hand. * A larger room is furnished with tables, a piano, and a chalkboard, provides a place for snack and music time. * very(prenominal) few materials are available for the children, mainly ones that will reinforce concepts taught in the lessons.blackboard XArithmetic room Chalkboard X Reading room Chalkboard X Language room b oHomeroom X a r Piano d 6. 7. 17 The Schedule * Daily schedule revolves around three intensive 20 minute lessons in language, math and reading. * Each lesson will involve 5 children and a teacher. * These small groups are interspersed with functional times for eating and toileting and a 15-20 minutes music period. 6. 7. 18 The Teachers * Elementary teachers are more suited to teach in this model than are teachers trained to work with young children.